CAZy ~ Carbohydrate-Active enZymes

 
Introduction
 
 Protein sequences deduced from genome sequencing efforts and that belong to CAZy families are listed in the links below. Only entries from completely sequenced genomes released by the NCBI as regular GenBank entries are present. In a few cases, however, data from genomes released only by RefSeq have been occasionally added.

 The content in Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes ("CAZome") of a genome provides an insight into the nature and relative importance of carbohydrate and glycoconjugate breakdown and biosynthesis in the metabolism of a species. The CAZomes of free living organisms typically correspond to 1-5% of the predicted coding sequences. Extremely reduced CAZomes are characteristic of species with a parasitic lifestyle. CAZome comparations are expected to illustrate significant differences between species.

 The above effort is the simple assignment of a protein sequence to a CAZy family, and therefore it does not constitute a refined functional prediction tool for genomic annotation. We are developping a CAZy-based annotation methodology, which takes into account protein modularity, family and subfamily assignment, and expertise in the varying substrate specificity of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes. This methodology, which results in coherent, expert and comparable sets of annotations, is applied to novel genomes on a collaborative basis.

 
Tables for Direct Access by Kingdom
   
  Archaea   52  
  Bacteria   653  
  Eukaryota   27  
  Viruses   55  

 
References on CAZymes in Genomes
   
[1] Henrissat B, Coutinho P M, Davies GJ (2001) A census of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 47 55-72 [PMID: 11554480].
   
[2] Henrissat B, Coutinho P M (2002) Carbohydrate-active enzymes in completely sequenced genomes In Carbohydrate Bioengineering : Interdisciplinary Approaches. Teeri TT , Svensson B, Gilbert HJ, Feizi T, eds. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 171-177.
   
[3] Henrissat B, Deleury E, Coutinho P M (2002) Glycogen metabolism loss : a common marker of parasitic behaviour in bacteria ? Trends Genet 18 437-440 [PMID: 12175798].
   
[4] Coutinho P M, Deleury E, Henrissat B (2003) The families of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the genomic era. J Appl Glycosci 50:241-244.
   
[5] Coutinho, P.M., Stam, M., Blanc, E. & Henrissat, B. (2003) Why so many carbohydrate-active enzymes related genes in plants ? Trends Plant Sci. 8, 563-565 [PMID: 14659702].
   
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[7] West CM, van der Wel H, Coutinho P M, Henrissat B (2005) Glycosyltransferase genomics in Dictyostelium discoideum (2005) In Dictyostelium Genomics. W.F. Loomis & A. Kuspa, eds., Horizon Scientific Press 235-264.
   
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